Dihybrid Cross Calculator – Punnett Square

Dihybrid Cross Calculator

Calculate genotype and phenotype probabilities for two genetic traits using Punnett squares

🧬 Parental Genotypes

Parent 1

Trait 1 (e.g., Seed Shape)

Trait 2 (e.g., Seed Color)

Parent 2

Trait 1 (e.g., Seed Shape)

Trait 2 (e.g., Seed Color)

📚 Dihybrid Cross Concepts

(3:1) × (3:1) = 9:3:3:1 Phenotype Ratio

Classic dihybrid cross ratio for two heterozygous traits

Key Principles:

• Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits segregate independently
• Gamete Formation: Each parent produces 4 types of gametes
• Punnett Square: 4×4 grid showing 16 possible offspring combinations
• Phenotype Ratio: 9:3:3:1 for two heterozygous traits

🔍 Dihybrid Punnett Square

Total Possible Genotypes 16

Unique Genotypes 9

                            Dominant for Both
                            56.25%
                        

                            Recessive for Both
                            6.25%
                        

📊 Phenotype Probabilities

🧬 What is a Dihybrid Cross?

A dihybrid cross examines the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously. It demonstrates Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.

In a classic dihybrid cross between heterozygous parents (RrYy × RrYy), the offspring show a 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio.

Gametes: RY, Ry, rY, ry (for RrYy)

Each heterozygous parent produces 4 gamete types

⚖️ Mendelian Ratios

Dihybrid crosses reveal predictable inheritance patterns:

✓ 9/16: Dominant for both traits
✓ 3/16: Dominant A, Recessive B
✓ 3/16: Recessive A, Dominant B
✓ 1/16: Recessive for both traits

(3:1)ⁿ for n traits

General formula for multiple trait inheritance

🔍 Applications in Genetics

Dihybrid crosses are essential for:

• Understanding gene linkage and recombination
• Plant and animal breeding programs
• Genetic counseling for multiple traits
• Evolutionary biology studies
• Forensic genetics

Note: This calculator assumes independent assortment. Linked genes on the same chromosome may show different ratios.

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